City
Augusta Pretoria
Aosta
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Augusta Praetoria, today's Aosta in the Italian Alps, carries two names in one: the emperor Augustus, who founded it in 25 BC after defeating the Salassi, a mountain people, and his praetorians, since the historian Cassius Dio reports that three thousand former guardsmen were settled here. The map marks the colony with a pair of towers. Guarding the roads to the Great and Little Saint Bernard passes, it was for Pliny the last town of Italy in the northwest. Its square Roman grid still shapes the streets, with walls, gates, a theatre and a triumphal arch surviving.